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QUESTION 44
THE PROCESSION OF CREATURES FROM GOD, AND OF THE FIRST CAUSE OF ALL
THINGS (In Four Articles)
After treating of the procession of the divine persons, we must consider the procession of creatures from God. This consideration will be threefold:
(1) of the production of creatures;
(2) of the distinction between them;
(3) of their preservation and government.
Concerning the first point there are three things to be considered:
(1) the first cause of beings;
(2) the mode of procession of creatures from the first cause;
(3) the principle of the duration of things.
Under the first head there are four points of inquiry:
(1) Whether God is the efficient cause of all beings?
(2) Whether primary matter is created by God, or is an independent coordinate principle with Him?
(3) Whether God is the exemplar cause of beings or whether there are other exemplar causes?
(4) Whether He is the final cause of things?
FIRST ARTICLE [I, Q. 44, Art. 1]
Whether It Is Necessary That Every Being Be Created by God?
Objection 1: It would seem that it is not necessary that every being be created by God. For there is nothing to prevent a thing from being without that which does not belong to its essence, as a man can be found without whiteness. But the relation of the thing caused to its cause does not appear to be essential to beings, for some beings can be understood without it; therefore they can exist without it; and therefore it is